El comedor escolar como escenario de aprendizaje: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17981/cultedusoc.14.2.2023.03Palabras clave:
Aprendizaje, Alimentación escolar, Desperdicio de alimentos, Comedor escolarResumen
Introducción: A pesar de la importancia dada en los últimos años a la alimentación escolar, y a la nutrición de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en los entornos escolares, no se ubican evidencias sobre la sistematización de la literatura que investiga el papel del comedor escolar como escenario de aprendizaje social, formación de hábitos y prácticas culturales asociadas con la alimentación. Objetivo: identificar, a partir de la revisión sistemática, estudios relacionados con elementos espaciales y condiciones sociales atribuibles a la experiencia del comedor escolar como escenario de aprendizaje y socialización, y su relación con problemas asociados al poco aprovechamiento de los alimentos y su desperdicio, el ausentismo escolar y rendimiento académico. Metodología: se siguió la guía metodológica PRISMA 2020 para seleccionar los artículos más relevantes a partir de la exploración de las palabras: school meal, scholar canteen y food waste en las bases de datos: Scopus, Ebsco, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar y Google Scholar. Resultados y discusión: Los 119 estudios seleccionados se agruparon en seis líneas de investigación: social-cultural, biológica-nutricional, desperdicio, espacial, política y académica. Los estudios destacan la importancia de la alimentación escolar en el aprendizaje social, formación de hábitos nutricionales y en el éxito académico. El bajo consumo de frutas y verduras que conducen a un alto nivel de desperdicio de alimentos se identifica como un problema central en la mayoría de los estudios analizados. Conclusiones: pocas investigaciones se han desarrollado en relación al comedor escolar y sus elementos espaciales en su rol de hacer de este recinto escolar un escenario para el aprendizaje.
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