Valorización de residuos de la obtención de almidón de ñame espino para su uso como bioadsorbente en la remoción de Cromo (VI) y Níquel (II)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.16.1.2020.02Palabras clave:
cinética, dioscorea rotundata, isotermas de adsorción, metodología superficie respuesta, optimizaciónResumen
Introducción: Entre los metales pesados descargados en fuentes hídricas se encuentran el Cromo (VI) y el Níquel (II), los cuales causan efectos peligrosos a la salud.
Objetivo: Optimizar el efecto de la concentración inicial de contaminante, temperatura y dosis de adsorbente usando residuos del proceso de obtención de almidón de ñame espino (D. rotundata) en la remoción de Cromo (VI) y Níquel (II).
Metodología: Se optimizó aplicando la Metodología Superficie Respuesta (RSM), realizando el estudio cinético y de equilibrio a la condición óptima encontrada, evaluando el ajuste de los datos de cinética a los modelos de pseudo-primer orden, pseudo-segundo orden, Elovich; los de isotermas a los modelos de Langmuir y Freundlich. Se calcularon los parámetros termodinámicos: Energía libre de Gibbs (ΔG°), Entalpía (ΔH°) y Entropía (ΔS°), por el método gráfico de Van’t Hoff.
Resultados: De la MSR se encontró que las condiciones óptimas para Cr(VI) fueron 76.6 ºC, 0.14 g y 368,18 ppm, y para Ni(II) 70 ºC, 1,19 g y 31,82 ppm. La capacidad de adsorción máxima fue de 66,25 mg/g de Cr(VI) y 17.67 mg/g de Ni(II). El modelo cinético de pseudo-segundo orden ajusta los datos de adsorción de Cr(VI) y el de Elovich ajusta los de Ni(II); por su parte el modelo de isoterma de Freundlich mostró el mejor ajuste de los datos de adsorción de los iones en estudio. De los valores de ΔG°, ΔS°, y ΔH° se establece que el proceso para Cr (VI) es endotérmico, no espontáneo no favorable y reversible; para Ni (II) que es no espontaneo, exotérmico y controlado por fisisorción.
Conclusiones: Los residuos del proceso de extracción de almidón de ñame son un adsorbente efectivo para la remoción de Cr(VI) y Ni(II) presentes en solución acuosa y la MSR arrojó valores óptimos que sirven de base para la escalabilidad del proceso.
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