Aplicación de la Búsqueda Armónica para el problema de formación de celdas de manufactura
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https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.15Palabras clave:
búsqueda armónica, diseño de plantas, manufactura celular, metaheurísticasResumen
Introducción: La manufactura celular (MC) es una aplicación de la tecnología de grupos que consiste en la agrupación de familias de productos y la formación de familias de máquinas, mediante la descomposición de un sistema de manufactura complejo en subsistemas que atienden las operaciones de familias enteras de productos. Durante el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo de programación lineal entera que integra costos de producción con costos por transferencias entre celdas, además, se propone como método de solución un algoritmo denominado Búsqueda Armónica
Objetivo: Determinar el desempeño de la Búsqueda Armónica modificada y las variantes de asignación de máquinas al problema de formación de celdas de manufactura.
Metodología: Se desarrolla un modelo matemático de programación entera, el cual utiliza variables binarias para determinar la asignación de las operaciones de diversos productos a distintas máquinas en diferentes celdas, y variables enteras para cuantificar los requerimientos de máquinas y la cantidad de transferencias entre celdas. La validación del modelo se hace utilizando instancias modificadas de la literatura en el software GAMS usando el solver CPLEX y se desarrolla en MATLAB el algoritmo metaheurístico para dar solución aproximada.
Resultados: Se encuentra que las variantes propuestas integradas en la Búsqueda Armónica logran buenos resultados aprovechando el enfoque de explotación del espacio de búsqueda.
Conclusiones: A partir de las variantes aplicadas se logró encontrar muy buenas soluciones en tiempos considerablemente cortos; no obstante, es necesario implementar estrategias de exploración del espacio de búsqueda con el fin de evitar caer en óptimos locales.
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