New global geopolitical trends

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.41.2.2020.Org.6

Keywords:

Geopolitical, Deglobalization, Deregionalization, Neoprotectionism, Crisis, Post-war

Abstract

International relations have undergone a transformation in recent years generated by a crisis of multilateralism inherited from the Post-war period. The objective is to analyze the new international context and the new geostrategic scenarios with which the international community is facing on the eve of the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century. In addition, it seeks to explain the metamorphosis that international relations have undergone in recent years, forged by a crisis of multilateralism inherited from the post-war period. The implemented methodology was of an analytical, non-experimental qualitative nature, which developed a deliberation on the subject of study. To this end, the literature and recent perceptions of the problem of the deglobalization of the world economy were inspected. In order to fulfill the stated objective, scientific articles were explored, classified and analyzed in the area of ​​analysis and consultation of secondary sources. Theoretical references, categories, and trends regarding the research problem were also identified. Based on the arguments and theoretical positions, the appreciations and interpretations of this article emerged. Among the most outstanding results, it can be emphasized that the crisis of multilateralism has been materialized through a process of deglobalization of the world economy based mainly on neo-protectionist policies that have led to de-regionalization. The main conclusion reached with this reflection is that the world is progressively moving towards new scenarios of intercommunication in the world order, towards different geopolitical horizons, in a context of redistribution of supremacies and transformations in economic paradigms. These changes are underpinned by a process of deglobalization of the world economy, the resurgence of protectionism and the de-regionalization of international trade through the renegotiation of trade agreements.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Julio César Ramírez Montañez, Bolivarian Pontifical University

He is a Professional in International Relations (Jorge Tadeo Lozano University) and a Master in International Relations, (Flinders University of South Australia). Colciencias Associate Researcher. Director of the GRICANI Research Group of the Faculty of International Business Administration, UPB Bucaramanga. Experience as Coordinator of the Specialization in International Marketing, School Research Coordinator, Research Professor, leader of the research group of the Faculty of International Business Administration of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Bucaramanga), Coordinator of the Seedbed of Research SIGI, Faculty Advisor of the Model of the United Nations. With more than 30 scientific articles published in magazines in Colombia, Spain, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, Argentina, South Korea. With experience as a university teacher in the subjects of Geopolitics and International Relations, Intercultural Negotiation, Research Methodology and Research Seminar. With extensive knowledge of Geopolitics, International Affairs, Asian International Policy and Research applied to International Business.

Jaime Enrique Sarmiento Suarez, Bolivarian Pontifical University

He is a Systems Engineer and Industrial Engineer from the Industrial University of Santander; Finance Specialist from the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga; Master in Administration from the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga - Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey; Candidate for a Doctor in Technology and Innovation Management from the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Research professor at the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Bucaramanga Sectional. Undergraduate and Postgraduate teacher at different universities. Experience in the administrative field. Consultant, lecturer and researcher. Research Group: Gricani

References

Baldwin, R. (2016). The Great Convergence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Barkin, J. S. & Cronin, B. (1994). The state and the nation: changing norms and the rules of sovereignty in international relations. International organization, 48(1), 107–130. Available from https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cup:intorg:v:48:y:1994:i:01:p:107-130_00

Boulocq, P. (2019). Neoproteccionismo encubierto en la órbita de la OMC: EE. UU. y las medidas que afectaron a las importaciones de limones frescos de origen argentino (2001-2018) [Tesis de Maestría]. Buenos Aires: FLACSO. Disponible en https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/bitstream/10469/15470/2/TFLACSO-2018PB.pdf

Casas, J. (2017). Implicaciones de los acuerdos del Fondo Monetario Internacional sobre la pobreza en Colombia. Económicas CUC, 38(1), 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.38.1.01

Coppelli, G. (2018). La globalización económica del siglo XXI. Entre la mundialización y la desglobalización. Estudios internacionales, 50(191), 57–80. https://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-3769.2018.52048

Dabat, A. y Leal, P. (2019). Ascenso y declive de Estados Unidos en la hegemonía mundial. Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía, 50(199), 87–114. https://doi.org/10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2019.199.67934

De la Torre, M. (2018). Utilización del sector financiero para el lavado de dinero: perspectiva desde la legislación ecuatoriana. Jurídicas CUC, 14(1), 145–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ juridcuc.14.1.2018.7

Departamento de Sociología. Universidad de Nueva York. (2013). The Sociology Project. New York: Pearson.

Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, M. & Hofmann, S. C. (2019). Of the contemporary global order, crisis, and change. Journal of European Public Policy, 27(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1678665

Fandiño, A. E. (2020). El neoproteccionismo, ¿una nueva tendencia mundial? [Bachelor’s thesis]. Bogotá: Fundación Universidad de América. Disponible en http://repository.uamerica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.11839/7848/1/800071-2020-I-NIIE.pdf

Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977. New York: Vintage.

García, M. (noviembre 16, 2019). La Crisis del Multilateralismo. eltelégrafo.com.ec. [Online]. Disponible en https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/columnistas/15/crisis-multilateralismo?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=7c8e54ee78a19f39f227fffcdff7c4b5e77a95ba-1603836760-0-AVFojAZNjdHBXWpN7clYkyM6Tt3v7ldBWUoOqBqj1zbjBMEvHHjCwO4DUWW0bywjk414mv-LnJ7HcMBU5JkOAPjDNheCwdShwKik8ENKLTcnea2IRXzgUQrRd38WqYEQaF09y2jXX5X-5pJGJdkyAW2M7BpH-u1CFLIcjvQ75WaVAG1xf0dKU1D4hxf2uKV3CTL1XNZcMI0SZxwBaWLQvJMcPrN_tcLMjo3wjTY4R8BA2jMNVHSx2zjDyl6TgfPeuVPVUnqvH0-OpxU4ZDgrsZjHBuMUymiV3bXeBhc46qCw4iRZY8MmOOFe-Tru2_-qhRgtcvoNEgI7-zL7wdBDiM7Z_39wTqgrJJ02pyzG7qs-DzjNvfTIjm4Vl9IJ2RpSzApAoMLgBPn9KDxbhIMBlfjs

Gaviro, J. M. (2017). Brexit: Efectos económicos en un escenario incierto. La Albolafia: Revista de Humanidades y Cultura, (12), 55–74. Recuperado de http://albolafia.com/trab/LaAlbolafia_N12%28octubre2017%29.pdf

González, M. (junio, 2019). La Era de la desglobalización. Revista Dinero. Disponible en https://www.dinero.com/opinion/columnistas/articulo/la-era-de-la-desglobalizacion-por-maria-alejandra-gonzalez-perez/272967

Guillén, A. (2018). El gobierno de Trump frente a la crisis global y el estancamiento económico. Cuadernos de Economía Crítica, 4(8), 101–127. Disponible en http://sociedadeconomiacritica.org/ojs/index.php/cec/article/view/129

Hernández, J., Chumaceiro, A. y Ravina, R. (2017). Estado populista y gestión de políticas sociales. Revista Negotium, 38(13), 49–61. Recuperado de http://www.revistanegotium.org/pdf/38/art4.pdf

Hobsbawm, E. (1997). Las hegemonías de Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña. Revista Estudios Políticos, 39, 1–11. Recuperado de https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/anpol/article/view/78426/69956

Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241

Miller, S. y Bannon, S. (20 de enero de 2017). Discurso inaugural de Donald Trump. [Discurso]. Disponible en https://es.wikisource.org/wiki?curid=246161

Newman, E. A. (2007). Crisis in Global Institutions? Multilateralism and International Security. Londres: Routledge.

Paredes-Chacín, J. (2017). Planificación financiera ante la perspectiva organizacional en empresas cementeras del estado Zulia-Venezuela. Económicas CUC, 38(1), 105–132. https://doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.38.1.05

Reales, A. (2016). La democracia representativa en el marco de los derechos humanos en Colombia. Jurídicas CUC, 12(1), 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.12.1.2016.1

Rüland, J. (2012). “Multilateralism Light”? The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) and the Rescue of a Rules-Based International Order. [Occasional Paper N° 43]. Freiburg: Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Freiburg. Available from https://areastudies.uni-freiburg.de/Content/files/occasional-paper-series/op43.pdf

Sagastume, M. L. P. (2019). ¿Existe un proceso de desglobalización económica? Ciudad de Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.

Serbin, A. (2018). América Latina y el Caribe frente a un nuevo orden mundial: crisis de la globalización, reconfiguración global del poder y respuestas regionales. Barcelona: CRIES-Icaria Editorial.

Torres, J. (2019). Declive del liderazgo de EE. UU. con Trump y ascenso de China como opción del multilateralismo global. Razón Crítica, (7), 139–175. https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1507

UNCTAD. (2019). Informe sobre el comercio y el desarrollo 2019. Ginebra: Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo. Recuperado de https://unctad.org/es/system/files/official-document/tdr2019overview_es.pdf

Van Ham, C. & Seim, B. (2018). Strong states, weak elections? How state capacity in authoritarian regimes conditions the democratizing power of elections. International Political Science Review, 39(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512117697544

Witt, M. A. (2019). De-globalization: Theories, predictions, and opportunities for international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 50, 1053–1077. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00219-7

Zelicovich, J. (2019). La crisis de la OMC y el trilema de las negociaciones comerciales internacionales. Relaciones Internacionales, 92(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.15359/ri.92-1.1

Downloads

Published

2020-05-26

How to Cite

Ramírez Montañez, J. C., & Sarmiento Suarez, J. E. (2020). New global geopolitical trends. ECONÓMICAS CUC, 41(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.41.2.2020.Org.6

Issue

Vol. 41 No. 2 (2020)

Section

Articles: Administration, Organization and Methods

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Julio César Ramírez Montañez, Jaime Enrique Sarmiento Suarez

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  1. Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  2. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

  1. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  2. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .
  3. NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
  4. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Most read articles by the same author(s)