Trends of the criminal-legal complex in relation to the legislative consolidation of the misdemeanor category
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.18.1.2022.08Keywords:
criminal law, criminal procedure law, misdemeanor, crime, illegal actionsAbstract
The study aims to consider scientific opinions on the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing the misdemeanor category into the Russian criminal-legal complex and conduct a comparative legal analysis within the framework of foreign legislation and a historical retrospective. The authors use the comparative-legal, historical-legal, and statistical methods, as well as the method of systemic analysis. The article studies the issues relevant to criminal and criminal procedure law and related to the legislative consolidation of misdemeanors. Over the past few decades, the main vector of developing and improving modern criminal justice policy has been a course towards the liberalization of criminal liability, which includes discussions on the further decriminalization of certain types of crimes and mitigation of criminal sanctions for some unlawful acts. A key task of modern criminal law is the urgent problem associated with the possibility of reintroducing the misdemeanor category into Russian criminal legislation. The division of criminal acts into misdemeanors and crimes fully corresponds to objective conditions and modern needs. There are several approaches to consolidating the misdemeanor category into Russian criminal legislation. The first approach is to adopt a new Code of Misdemeanor Offenses and the second approach is to include the relevant section into the existing Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
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References
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Maksimov, S. V. (2009). Monitoring of the criminal law policy of the Russian Federation. Common problem. [Monograph]. Moscow: Institute of state and law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Available from http://www.igpran.ru/public/publiconsite/Monitoring_ug_politiki..pdf
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Paliy, V. V. (2017). Crime and misconduct: correlation problems. Lex Russica, (7), 124–136. Available: https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/396
Pobedkin, A. V. (2018). The illusion of the presumption of innocence (why a criminal offense is needed). Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, (1), 27–30.
Poroyko, M. S. (2017). Criminal offence in Russian criminal law: what will it be? On the way to a civil society, 1(25), 1–9. Available: http://goverment.esrae.ru/90-463
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R.F. State Duma. (June 13, 1996). The Criminal Code of The Russian Federation. [УК РФ]. No. 63-Fz. Available: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9017477
RF. State Duma. (June 20, 1984). Code of misdemeanor offenses: draft. [КоАП РФ]. No. 195-FZ. Available: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102010274&backlink=1&&nd=102010182
Republic of Austria. (January 29, 1974). Austrian Criminal Code. StGB. [Online]. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/44/Armenia/show
Republic Hungary. (1963). Hungarian Criminal Code. [Online]. Act C/2012. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/25/Holy%20See/show
Shargorodsky, M. D. (1961). Questions of the General doctrine of punishments in the period of extensive construction of Communist society. In: N. A. Belyaev (Eds.), The Soviet state and law in the period of expanded construction of communism. Leningrad: LSU Publishing House.
Shcherbakov, A. D. (2021). Criminal offense: no one puts unbleached patches on old clothes. Russian Investigator, (5), 69–72.
Swiss Confederation. (December 21, 1937). Swiss Criminal Procedure Code. [Online]. SR 311.0. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/48/Sweden/show
Tsepelev, V. F. (2005). Correlation of crime and other offenses: comparative aspect. In: V. S. Komissarov (Ed.), Correlation of crimes and other offenses: modern problems (pp. 631–633). Moscow: LexEst.
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Voskobitova, L. A. (2017). Legal Proceedings in cases of administrative offenses and its place in the system of implementation of judicial power. Magistrate, 2, 28–34.
Czech Republic. (January 8, 2009). Criminal Code of the Czech Republic. [Online]. Act. No. 40. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/35/Croatia/show
Doroshkov, V. V. (2016). On the issue of criminal misconduct. Justice of the Peace, (12), 31–40.
Federal Republic of Germany. (May 15, 1871). The Criminal Code of Germany. Strafgesetzbuch (StGB). [Online]. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/28/Georgia/show
Federal Republic of Germany. (2003). The Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany. Saint Petersburg: Yurid.
French Republic. (July 7, 1992). The French Penal Code. [Online]. JORF: 169. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/30/Finland/show
Galperin, I. M. (1980). Social and other bases of decriminalization. Soviet State and law, (3), 63–66.
Gavrilov, B. Y. (2018). Сriminal offense under Russian law: wishes of the legislator or the realities of Russian society. Man: Crime and Punishment, 26(2), 131–136. Available: https://riorpub.com/ru/nauka/article/26357/view
Gavrilov, B. Y. (2008). Modern criminal policy in Russia: Figures and Facts. Monograph. Moscow: Prospekt.
Gavrilov, B. Y. & Rogova, E. V. (2016a). Criminal offense: the concept of development (opinion of a scientist and practice). Public and Private Law, 4(32), 7–45.
Gavrilov, B. Y. & Rogova, E. V. (2016b). Prospects of fixing a criminal offense in the context of reforming the criminal legislation of Russia. The Russian justice, 11, 2–5.
Golovko, L. V. (2018). Draft law on criminal misconduct: imaginary intentions and real background. Law, (1), 127–136.
Golovko’s, L. V. (2017). The criminal and criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation: the main problems of law enforcement and priorities for improving. [Speech on the conference held by the Supreme Court of March 2, 2017]. Retrieved from: http://test.vsrf.ru
Goryainov, K. K., Ovchinsky, V. S. & Kondratyuk, L. V. (2011). Studying public opinion about the level of security of the individual and the activities of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Moscow: Norma.
Goryainov, K. K., Ovchinsky, V. S. & Kondratyuk, L. V. (2001). Improving the relationship between citizens and the police: access to justice and the system for detecting, registering and recording crimes. [Scientific report]. Moscow: Open Society Foundations. Available: https://indem.ru/cja/nasel.htm
Italian Republic. (July 1, 1931). Italian Criminal Code. [Online]. Real Decreto 1399. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/22/Italy/show
Khutov, K. M. (2021). The bill on the introduction of a criminal offense in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: pros and cons. Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy, 1(138), 155–160. Available from http://www.сгюа.рф/documents/vestnik/01_2021.pdf
Kibalnik, A. G. & Solomonenko, I. G. (2007). Main provisions of the criminal law of Austria. Society and law, 4(18), 260–262. Available from https://mvd.ru/upload/site119/folder_page/003/467/465/sl-2007-4.pdf
Kovalev, A. F. (2019). Comparative legal analysis of the system of criminal punishments of the Romano-German and Anglo-Saxon legal families. Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2(46), 251–259. Available: https://xn--80az.xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai/Nauka/Vestnik_Nizhegorodskoj_akademii_MVD_Ross
Krieger, G. A. (1979). The Constitution of the USSR and improvement of criminal legislation. Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series "Law" 11(2), 7–8.
Krivochenko, L. N. (1975). On criminal misconduct. In: M. I. Bazhanov & M. I. Baru (Ed.), Questions of the state and the law of the developed socialist society: Materials of the Republican scientific and practical conference (pp. 207–209). Kharkiv: Publishing House Khark. jurid. Institute.
Kruglikov, L. L. & Lapshin, V. F. (2017). On the consequences of including the category “Criminal misconduct” in the Russian criminal law. Criminal Law, (4), 80–84.
Kudryavtsev, V. M. & Kelina, S. G. (eds.) (1987). Criminal law. Experience of theoretical modeling. Moscow: Nauka.
Kulikov, A. V. (2015). Model of criminal behavior in the Criminal Code of Italy. Russian law: Education. Practice. Science, 6(90), 64–67. Available: rospravojournal.usla.ru
Kuznetsova, N. F. (1969). Crime and criminality. Moscow: Moscow Publishing House of the Moscow University.
Lopashenko, N. A. (2019). Criminal misconduct in modern Russia: projects, problems, and forecasts. In: N.A. Lopashenko, Criminal Legal Impact and its Role in Criminal prevention (pp. 229–232). Saratov: Saratov State Law Academy.
Maksimov, S. V. (jun. 7, 2011). UK at the crossroads. Should we force work on the new code? Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Available: http://www.rg.ru/2011/06/07/uk.html
Maksimov, S. V. (2009). Monitoring of the criminal law policy of the Russian Federation. Common problem. [Monograph]. Moscow: Institute of state and law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Available from http://www.igpran.ru/public/publiconsite/Monitoring_ug_politiki..pdf
Martynenko, N. E. & Martynenko, E. V. (2021). Criminal misconduct: the second attempt by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to introduce a new criminal-legal category. Russian Investigator, (1), 45–48.
Netherlands. (March 3, 1881). Criminal Code of Netherlands. [Online]. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/12/Montenegro/show
Paliy, V. V. (2017). Crime and misconduct: correlation problems. Lex Russica, (7), 124–136. Available: https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/396
Pobedkin, A. V. (2018). The illusion of the presumption of innocence (why a criminal offense is needed). Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, (1), 27–30.
Poroyko, M. S. (2017). Criminal offence in Russian criminal law: what will it be? On the way to a civil society, 1(25), 1–9. Available: http://goverment.esrae.ru/90-463
R.F. Supreme Court. (October 31, 2017). On Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation in connection with the introduction of the concept of crime. [Resolution No. 42-P]. Available from https://www.vsrf.ru/documents/own/24308/
R.F. State Duma. (December 8, 2003). On amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. [Federal law No. 162-FZ]. Available: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901711598
R.F. State Duma. (June 13, 1996). The Criminal Code of The Russian Federation. [УК РФ]. No. 63-Fz. Available: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9017477
RF. State Duma. (June 20, 1984). Code of misdemeanor offenses: draft. [КоАП РФ]. No. 195-FZ. Available: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102010274&backlink=1&&nd=102010182
Republic of Austria. (January 29, 1974). Austrian Criminal Code. StGB. [Online]. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/44/Armenia/show
Republic Hungary. (1963). Hungarian Criminal Code. [Online]. Act C/2012. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/25/Holy%20See/show
Shargorodsky, M. D. (1961). Questions of the General doctrine of punishments in the period of extensive construction of Communist society. In: N. A. Belyaev (Eds.), The Soviet state and law in the period of expanded construction of communism. Leningrad: LSU Publishing House.
Shcherbakov, A. D. (2021). Criminal offense: no one puts unbleached patches on old clothes. Russian Investigator, (5), 69–72.
Swiss Confederation. (December 21, 1937). Swiss Criminal Procedure Code. [Online]. SR 311.0. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/48/Sweden/show
Tsepelev, V. F. (2005). Correlation of crime and other offenses: comparative aspect. In: V. S. Komissarov (Ed.), Correlation of crimes and other offenses: modern problems (pp. 631–633). Moscow: LexEst.
US. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (2010). 2020 Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes. [2010 Pennsylvania Code. Title 18- Crimes and Offenses]. Available: https://law.justia.com/codes/pennsylvania/2010/title-18/
US. District of Columbia. Washington D.C. (April 7, 2009). Revised Code of Washington. [RCW Title 9A Washington Criminal Code]. Available: https://law.onecle.com/washington/washington-criminal-code/index.html
Voskobitova, L. A. (2017). Legal Proceedings in cases of administrative offenses and its place in the system of implementation of judicial power. Magistrate, 2, 28–34.
Published
2022-01-15
How to Cite
Gavrilov, B. Y., Voronin, M. Y., Sizova, V. N., Lapin, V. O., & Demidova-Petrova, E. V. (2022). Trends of the criminal-legal complex in relation to the legislative consolidation of the misdemeanor category. JURIDICAS CUC, 18(1), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.18.1.2022.08
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