Legalización de bienes obtenidos de forma delictiva cometidos por grupos criminales organizados: Regulaciones Europeas y Ucranianas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.19.1.2023.07Palabras clave:
procedimientos penales, corrupción, circulación legal, blanqueo de dinero, delincuencia organizada, legalización del delitoResumen
El fenómeno del blanqueo de capitales como consecuencia de la actuación de grupos criminales constituye un factor negativo que retrasa el desarrollo global de la comunidad internacional. La necesidad de este estudio se debe al aumento de la escala de tales actos delictivos que afectan negativamente al desarrollo de la nación, y amenazan directamente a la seguridad del Estado de Derecho, lo que evidencia falta de base regulativa para combatir este flagelo. Por lo tanto, como propósito del estudio se definió el concepto y alcance del lavado de activos por parte de grupos de crimen organizado, así como el estudio de las medidas y políticas para combatir este fenómeno en lo que respecta a las relaciones europea y ucraniana. Se utilizaron métodos en el estudio, en particular: dialéctico, histórico-legal y el formal-lógico. Se utilizó también el método comparativo, que ayudó a caracterizar las especificidades del derecho penal frente a la protección de las relaciones públicas derivadas del lavado de dinero en Ucrania, los países de Europa Occidental y los Estados Unidos. Los autores concluyen que la política pública de Ucrania contra los delitos cometidos por grupos de crimen organizados se caracteriza por la obsolescencia del marco normativo y jurídico; por tanto, las lagunas en la organización de la lucha contra ese tipo de delitos, la reducción de las unidades especiales de la policía y el insuficiente nivel de cooperación de los órganos estatales constituyen las razones principales del aumento que presenta el blanqueo de capitales. El material empírico original recopilado permitirá a los teóricos de este campo continuar sus investigaciones y contrarrestar eficazmente este fenómeno negativo.
Descargas
Citas
Baker, R. (2005). Capitalism’s Achilles heel: Dirty money and how to renew the freemarket system. Wiley.
Chaikin, D. & Sharman, J. (2009). Corruption and money laundering: a symbiotic relationship. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chao, X., Kou, G., Peng, Y. & Alsaadi, F. (2019). Behavior monitoring methods for trade-based money laundering integrating macro and micro prudential regulation: a case from China. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 25(6), 1081–1096. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.9383
CE. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime, November 8, 1990. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=141
Dobrowolski, Z. & Sułkowski, L. (2020). Implementing a sustainable model for anti-money laundering in the United Nations development goals. Sustainability, 12(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010244
Drozd, O., Pavlenko, S. & Sevruk, V. (2019). Theoretical and legal analysis of foreign experience on illegal amber production: Environmental and economic aspects. Asia Life Sciences, (2 Suppl. 21), 1–19. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43236196
Dudorov, O. & Tertichenko, T. (2015). Anti-money laundering: European standards and the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Vaite.
FATF. (2022). The FATF Recommendations. FATF. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Fatfrecommendations/Fatf-recommendations.html
Gnatenko, K., Yaroshenko, O., Anisimova, H., Shabanova, S. & Sliusar, A. (2020). Prohibition of discrimination as a principle of social security in the context of ensuring sustainable well-being. Rivista Di Studi Sulla Sostenibilita, (Suppl. 2), 173–187. https://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=68054
Gnatenko, K., Yaroshenko, O., Inshyn, M., Vapnyarchuk, N. & Sereda, O. (2020). Targeted and Effective Use of State and Non-State Social Funds. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9, 2861–2869. https://www.lifescienceglobal.com/component/quicksell/?task=download&format=raw&key=&order_id=&filename=/IJCS/IJCSV9A350-Gnatenko.pdf&Itemid=399
Grabowski, L. A. (2018). Counteracting the legalization of proceeds from crime as part of ensuring Ukraine’s economic security. International Legal Bulletin: Current Issues of Modernity (Theory and Practice), 1-2(10-11), 200–205.
Hinterseer, K. (2002). Criminal finance: the political economy of money laundering in a comparative legal context. Kluwer Law Publishing.
Horobets, N., Lytvyn, N., Starynskyi, M., Karpushova, E. & Kamenska, N. (2021). Settlement of administrative disputes with the participation of a judge: Foreign experience and implementation in Ukraine. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(1), 1–7. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/settlement-of-administrative-disputes-with-the-participation-of-a-judge-foreign-experience-and-implementation-in-ukraine-10168.html
Kashpur, L. (2018). Counteraction of incomes legalization which are illegally received. Investments: practice and experience, (3), 103–106. http://www.investplan.com.ua/?op=1&z=5925&i=20
Kniazieva, T., Shevchenko, A., Shevchenko, A. V., Yaroshenko, O., Inshyn, M. & Yakovlyev, O. (2021). Current trends in the formation and development of insurance marketing in ukraine. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 24(3), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12185
Kramar, R. (2021). Some aspects of the international mechanism for identifying, searching, seizing and confiscating criminally legalized assets. Actual problems of law, (1), 140–146. https://doi.org/10.35774/app2021.01.140
Leonov, S., Boyko A., Bozhenko V. & Luchko I. (2018). The role and value of the national system of anti-money laundering in the modern conditions of the financial market development in Ukraine. Problems and Prospects of Economics and Management, 19(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2019-3(19)-305-313
Lytvyn, N., Artemenko, O., Kovalova, S., Kobets, M. & Kashtan (Grygorieva), E. (2021). Administrative and legal mechanisms for combating corruption. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2021-0241
Madinger, J. (2012). Money laundering: a guide for criminal investigators. Taylor & Francis Group.
Mohilevskyi, L., Sevruk, V. & Pavlenko, S. (2017). Psycho-pedagogical training of operating unit workers of National Police of Ukraine. Science and Education, (11), 120–132. https://scienceandeducation.pdpu.edu.ua/articles/2017-11-doc/2017-11-st16
Mordan, E. Y., Bondarenko, E. K., Kalchenko, Y. I. & Davydenko, Y. S. (2021). Banking risks of money laundering: nature, types and management system. Economy and State, (1), 115–123. http://www.economy.in.ua/?op=1&z=4843&i=17
NCA. UKFIU. (2022). UK Financial Intelligence Unit. https://nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/what-we-do/crime-threats/money-laundering-and-illicit-finance/ukfiu
ONU. (2011). Estimating illicit financial flows resulting from drug trafficking and other transnational organized crimes [Research Report]. UNODC. https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Studies/Illicit_financial_flows_2011_web.pdf
ONU. United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988, December 20, 1988. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/illicit-trafficking.html
Polyanska, V. (2018). Criminological characteristics of the personality of members transnational organized criminal groups economic orientation. Legal magazine of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, (2), 316–324. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/aymvs_2018_2_29
Reznik, O. & Bondarenko, O. (2020). Criminal law characteristics of objective signs of the legalization (laundering) of money. Law and Society, 2(3), 133–139. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/79176
Sevruk, V. (2018). The concept and essence of ethnicity crime. Forum of Law: Electronic Scientific Specialties Editions, (4), 64–94. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/FP_index.htm_2018_4_8
Shevchenko, A., Kydin, S., Kamarali, S. & Dei, M. (2020). Issues with interpreting the social and legal value of a person in the context of the integrative type of legal-awareness. Fundamental and Applied Researches in Practice of Leading Scientific Schools, 38(2), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2020.2.10
Shevtsiv, L. (2022). Problems of financial investigations in combating the legalization of proceeds of crime. Scientific Collection “InterConf+”, 26(129), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.10.2022.008
Sliusar, A., Zhygalkin, I., Yaroshenko, O. & Yakovleva, G. (2021). Quality evaluation for recommendations of the antitrust regulator in the development of the legal system of Ukraine. Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, 28(1), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(1).2021.147-156
Steblyanko, A. (2020). Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies’ interaction with financial institutions on combating money laundering. Legal Horizons, 21(34), 76–81. http://www.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i21.p76
Steblyanko, A. (2019). Concept and content of interaction of law enforcement bodies with financial institutions in counteraction to legalization of criminal proceeds. Legal Horizons, 14(27), 87–92. http://www.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i14.p87
Tatsyi, V., Getman, A., Ivanov, S., Karasiuk, V., Lugoviy, O. & Sokolov, O. (2010, June 15-18). Semantic network of knowledge in science of law [Conference]. International Conference on Automation, Control, and Information Technology Information and Communication Technology, Novosibirsk, Russia. http://www.doi.org/10.2316/P.2010.691-076
Toropchyn, S. (2020). The method of legalization of property obtained through criminal means. Legal Science, 4, 222–231.
Tykhonova, O., Lytvyn, N., Ivantsov, V., Chyshko, K. & Yarosh, A. (2019). Electronic banking as a prospective directive for the financial services market development. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22(25), 1–6. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/electronic-banking-as-a-prospective-directive-for-the-financial-services-market-development-8466.html
Tyutyunnyk R. & Zarubey, W. (2021). Features of the investigation and forensic characteristics of the legalization of money or other property obtained by criminal means. Juris Europensis Scienti, 5, 85–89. http://jes.nuoua.od.ua/archive/5_2021/20.pdf
US. Department of the Treasury. (1997, July 24). Treasury under secretary (enforcement) raymond W. Kelly house judiciary subcommittee on crime [Press Release]. https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/rr1839
Ukraine. President of Ukraine. (2011). Decree No. 1000/2011. On the concept of public policy in the field of combating organized crime. October 21, 2011. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1000/2011#Text
Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada. (2019). Document 361-IX. On Preventing and Countering Legalization (Laundering) Proceeds from Crime, Terrorist Financing and Financing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. December 6, 2019. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/361-20#Text
Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada. (2001). ККУ. Criminal Code of Ukraine. VVR: No. 25-26. abril 5, 2001. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text
Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada. (2000). Document 2121-III. Law of Ukraine On banks and banking. VVR: 5-6. December 7, 2000. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2121-14#Text
Yaroshenko, O., Moskalenko, O., Velychko, L. & Kovrygin, V. (2019). Property civil law liability and material liability of employess for damage caused to an amployer: on the basis of civil law of Ukraine. Asia Life Sciences, (2), 735–748. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43223937
Yaroshenko, O. Sliusar, A., Sereda, O. & Zakrynytska, V. (2019). Legal relation: the issues of delineation (on the basis of the civil law of Ukraine). Asia Life Sciences, (2 Suppl. 21), 719–734. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43223115
Yaroshenko, O., Moskalenko, O., Sliusar, A. & Vapnyarchuk, N. (2018). Commercial secret as an object of labour relations: Foreign and international experience. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 21(1), 1–10. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/commercial-secret-as-an-object-of-labour-relations-foreign-and-international-experience-7853.html
Yevgenivna, K. D. Ya. & Savelieva, I. V. (2021). Actual problems of normative consolidation of legalization of property obtained through criminal means [Conference]. All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference.
Yunin, O., Sevruk, V. & Pavlenko, S. (2018). Priorities of economic development of Ukraine in the context of european integration. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 4(3), 358–365. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-3-358-365
Work Bank. (2022).
Zharovska, H. (2018). Fighting transnational crime in Ukraine: the concept of the national policy. Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, 1(2), 54–59. https://journal-vjhr.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Vyshegrad-2_2018_Tom-1.pdf
Zakharov, V. (2014). Legalization of proceeds from crime: theoretical and legal aspect. Bulletin of the National University “Lviv Polytechnic”. Juridical Sciences, 801, 180–186. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/vnulpurn_2014_801_34
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 JURÍDICAS CUC

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los artículos publicados son de exclusiva responsabilidad de sus autores y no reflejan necesariamente las opiniones del comité editorial.
La Revista JURIDICAS CUC respeta los derechos morales de sus autores, los cuales ceden al comité editorial los derechos patrimoniales del material publicado. A su vez, los autores informan que el presente trabajo es inédito (original) y no ha sido publicado anteriormente.
Contrato de cesión de derechos patrimoniales de autor
Formato de certificación de originalidad del artículo por parte del autor
La revista JURÍDICAS CUC se guía por las normas internacionales sobre propiedad intelectual y derechos de autor, y de manera particular por el artículo 58 de la Constitución Política de Colombia, la Ley 23 de 1982 y la ley 1915 de 2018.